; **************************************************************************** ; init386.s (init9.s) ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ; ; Retro UNIX 386 v1 - /etc/init - process control initialization ; ; [ Last Modification: 07/04/2022 ] ; ; Derived from UNIX Operating System (v1.0 for PDP-11) ; (Original) Source Code by Ken Thompson (1971-1972) ; ; (Section E.12) ; **************************************************************************** ; init4.s (17/11/2015) - Retro UNIX 386 v1 & v1.1 ;;init5.s (24/01/2022) - Retro UNIX 386 v1.2 ; init6.s (24/01/2022-02/03/2022) - Retro UNIX 386 v1 & v1.1 ; init7.s (09/02/2022-19/03/2022) - Retro UNIX 386 v1.2 & v1.1 (& v1.0) ;;init8.s (14/02/2022-20/03/2022) - Retro UNIX 386 v1.2 ; init9.s (20/03/2022) - Retro UNIX 386 v1 & v1.1 ; (Retro UNIX 386 v1 - init386.s, NASM 2.11) ; Derived from INIT09.ASM (17/01/2014, Retro UNIX 8086 v1, MASM 6.11) ; Derived from 'init.s' file of original UNIX v1 ; INIT09.ASM, 17/01/2014 ; 20/03/2022 (init9.s) ; ((Same with 'init6.s' source code ; except 'Serial Port -Terminal- login disabled' message.)) ; 02/03/2022 ; 25/02/2022 ; 24/01/2022 (init6.s) ; 17/11/2015 (init4.s) ; 23/10/2015 (init3.s) ; 14/10/2015 (init2.s) ; 17/09/2015 ; 03/09/2015 ; 27/08/2015 ; 13/08/2015 ; 07/08/2015 ; 30/06/2015 ; 14/07/2013 ; UNIX v1 system calls _rele equ 0 _exit equ 1 _fork equ 2 _read equ 3 _write equ 4 _open equ 5 _close equ 6 _wait equ 7 _creat equ 8 _link equ 9 _unlink equ 10 _exec equ 11 _chdir equ 12 _time equ 13 _mkdir equ 14 _chmod equ 15 _chown equ 16 _break equ 17 _stat equ 18 _seek equ 19 _tell equ 20 _mount equ 21 _umount equ 22 _setuid equ 23 _getuid equ 24 _stime equ 25 _quit equ 26 _intr equ 27 _fstat equ 28 _emt equ 29 _mdate equ 30 _stty equ 31 _gtty equ 32 _ilgins equ 33 _sleep equ 34 ; Retro UNIX 8086 v1 feature only ! _msg equ 35 ; Retro UNIX 386 v1 feature only ! ;;; ESCKey equ 1Bh EnterKey equ 0Dh %macro sys 1-4 ; 03/09/2015 ; 13/04/2015 ; Retro UNIX 386 v1 system call. %if %0 >= 2 mov ebx, %2 %if %0 >= 3 mov ecx, %3 %if %0 = 4 mov edx, %4 %endif %endif %endif mov eax, %1 int 30h %endmacro ; Retro UNIX 386 v1 system call format: ; sys systemcall (eax) , , [BITS 32] ; We need 32-bit intructions for protected mode [ORG 0] START_CODE: sys _intr, 0 ; disable time-out function sys _quit, 0 ; disable quit (ctrl+brk) signal sys _open, ctty, 0 ; open tty0 jc short error sys _open, ctty, 1 ; for read and write jc short error sys _write, 1, msg_te, sizeof_mte jc short error i0: sys _read, 0, tchar, 1 jc short error ;sys _close, 0 ; close input file/tty ;jc short error ;sys _close, 1 ; close output file/tty ;jc short error mov al, [tchar] ; 25/02/2022 ;cmp al, EnterKey ;je short multiuser cmp al, ESCKey je short singleuser ;jmp short i0 ; 25/02/2022 ; (ALT+127 will ensure multiuser login without tty8 and tty9) ;cmp al, 7Fh ; ALT+127 ;je short multiuser_x ; 25/02/2022 cmp al, EnterKey je short multiuser ;jmp short i0 ; 07/04/2022 ; 25/02/2022 cmp al, 7Fh ; ALT+127 jne short i0 jmp multiuser_x error: sys _msg, error_msg, 255, 0Ch ; error message with red color (max. 255 chars) exit: sys _exit haltsys: ;hlt ; 17/09/2015 nop nop nop nop nop nop nop jmp short haltsys singleuser: i1: help: sys _close, 0 ; close input file/tty ;jc short error sys _close, 1 ; close output file/tty ;jc short error sys _open, ctty, 0 ; open control tty ;jc short error sys _open, ctty, 1 ; for read an write ;jc short error ; sys _exec, shell, shellp ; jmp short i1 multiuser: ; 07/04/2022 mov edi, itabs xor ebx, ebx mov ecx, 0901h ; return tty8 serial port status sys _gtty jc short multiuser_e ; device not responding ! mov byte [edi], '8' add edi, 4 multiuser_e: sub ebx, ebx mov ecx, 0A01h ; return tty9 serial port status sys _gtty jc short multiuser_s ; device not responding ! mov byte [edi], '9' jmp short multiuser_t multiuser_s: cmp byte [itabs], 0 ja short multiuser_t ; 07/04/2022 multiuser_x: ; 25/02/2022 ;mov byte [itabs], 0 ; (disable serial port login) ; 20/03/2022 sys _write, 1, td_msg, td_msg_size ;multi_user: multiuser_t: ; 07/04/2022 sys _close, 0 ; close input file/tty ;jc short error sys _close, 1 ; close output file/tty ;jc short error ; sys _mount, fd1, usr ; root directory on mounted fd1 ; disk is /usr sys _creat, utmp, 14 ; truncate /tmp/utmp ;jc short error sys _close, eax ; close it ; 24/01/2022 mov byte [zero+8], 'x' ;mov byte [zero+8], 0 ; put identifier ; in output buffer call wtmprec ; go to write acting info ; 23/10/2015 ; ;; 10/12/2013 ;; 'Enable Multi Tasking' (Time-Out) ;; system call (Retro UNIX 8086 v1 feature only !) sys _emt, 1 ;; mov esi, itab ; address of table to eSI ; create shell processes i2: lodsw ; 'x', x=0, 1... to AX and ax, ax jz short pwait ; branch if table end mov [ttyx+8], al ; put symbol in ttyx ; 02/03/2022 ;mov ecx, eax ; 18/02/2022 mov edi, esi call dfork ; go to make new init for this ttyx ;mov eax, ecx ; 18/02/2022 stosw ; save child id in word offer ; ; '0', '1',...etc. mov esi, edi jmp short i2 ; set up next child ; wait for process to die pwait: ;sys _write, 1, beep, 1 ; 10/12/2013 ; sys _wait ; wait for user to terminate process ; 02/03/2022 jnc short i8 ; (eax = process ID of the child) ; ERROR ! there is not a child process to wait ! ; (This may be only viable option for now!) - 02/03/2022 - jmp error ; (print error message then terminate) i8: mov esi, itab ; initialize for search ; 02/03/2022 ;mov dx, ax ; 24/01/2022 mov edx, eax ; (process ID of the child) ; search for process id i3: lodsw ; bump eSI to child id location or ax, ax jz short pwait ; ? something silly lodsw ; 24/01/2022 cmp edx, eax ;cmp dx, ax ; which process has terminated jne short i3 ; not this one ; take name out of utmp ;mov ecx, 4 ; 24/01/2022 xor ecx, ecx mov cl, 4 ;sub esi, 4 ; process is found, point x to 'x' ; for it sub esi, ecx ; 4 ;push esi ; save address on stack mov ax, [esi] ; move 'x' to AX ; 24/01/2022 sub al, '0' ;sub ax, '0' ; remove zone bits from character ;;shl ax, 4 ; generate proper offset for seek shl ax, cl ; 4 ;movzx edx, ax ; 24/01/2022 mov edx, eax mov edi, zero xor eax, eax ; 0 ; clear ;mov ecx, 4 ; output buffer rep stosd sys _open, utmp, 1 ; open file for writing jc short i4 ; if can't open, create user anyway ;movzx edi, ax ; save file desc ; 24/01/2022 mov edi, eax ; save file descriptor sys _seek, eax, edx, 0 ; move to proper pointer position sys _write, edi, zero, 16 ; zero this position in sys _close, edi ; close file ; re-create user process i4: ;pop esi ; restore 'x' to eSI lodsw ; move it to AX mov edi, esi mov [ttyx+8], al ; get correct ttyx mov [zero+8], al ; move identifier to output buffer call wtmprec ; go to write accting into call dfork ; fork stosw ; save id of child ; 02/03/2022 ;; 25/02/2022 ;mov edx, eax ; save id of child ; jmp pwait ; go to wait for next process end dfork: mov ebx, i5 ; return address for new process sys _fork jc short dfork ; try again retn i5: ; to new copy of init ;sys _quit, 0 ; disable quit (ctrl+brk) signal ;sys _intr, 0 ; disable time-out function ;sys _chown, ttyx, 0 ;sys _chmod; ttyx, 15 o0: xor ebx, ebx ;xor ch, ch ;mov cl, [ttyx+8] movzx ecx, byte [ttyx+8] sub cl, '0' ; 17/01/2014 ; 07/12/2013 ; set console tty for current process ;mov dx, 0FF00h ;mov dh, 0FFh ; do not set cursor position ; do not set serial port parameters ;mov edx, 0FF00h ; 18/02/2022 sub edx, edx dec dh ; edx = 0FF00h sys _stty jc short terminate o1: ; 16/11/2015 sys _open, ttyx, 0 ; open this ttyx for reading ;jnc short o2 ;call wait_for_terminal ;jmp short o1 ; 17/11/2015 jc short terminate ; 18/02/2022 ;jc short help1 o2: ; 16/11/2015 sys _open, ttyx, 1 ; open this ttyx for writing ;jnc short o3 ;call wait_for_terminal ;jmp short o2 ; 17/11/2015 jc short terminate ; 18/02/2022 ;jc short help1 o3: sys _exec, getty, gettyp ; getty types and ; executes login which logs user ; in and executes sh- ; 14/10/2015 sys _msg, getty_error_msg, 255, 0Ch ; error msg with red color terminate: sys _exit ; HELP! ;help1: jmp help ;wait_for_terminal: ; ; 16/11/2015 ; ; 24/10/2015 ; mov al, [ttyx+8] ; sub al, '0' ; cmp al, 8 ; jb short sysexit ; sys _sleep ; retn ;sysexit: ; pop eax ;return address ; jmp short terminate wtmprec: ; 18/02/2022 ; 24/01/2022 ; 23/10/2015 (wtmp_err) ;cmp byte [wtmp_err], 0 ;ja short i6 sys _time ; get time mov [zero+10], eax ; move to output buffer cmp byte [wtmp_err], 0 ja short i6 ; 18/02/2022 sys _open, wtmp, 1 ; open accounting file jc short i7 ; 18/02/2022 ; 24/01/2022 ;jc short i6 mov esi, eax ; save file descriptor sys _seek, eax, 0, 2 ; move pointer to end of file ;;push esi ; save file descriptor ;jc short i7 sys _write, esi, zero, 16 ; write accting info ;;pop ebx ; restore file descriptor ;jc short i7 sys _close, esi ; close file i6: retn ; 18/02/2022 ; 24/01/2022 i7: inc byte [wtmp_err] ; 23/10/2015 retn ; 24/01/2022 ;here: ;hlt ; General Protection Fault ! 17/09/2015 ;;jmp short here ;jmp haltsys align 2 tchar: db 0 db 0 ; 25/02/2022 ;align 2 ctty: db "/dev/tty", 0 align 2 shell: db "/bin/sh", 0 shellm: db "-", 0 ;align 2 usr: db "/usr",0 align 2 fd1: db "/dev/fd1", 0 ; align 2 utmp: db "/tmp/utmp", 0 wtmp: db "/tmp/wtmp", 0 ttyx: db "/dev/ttyx", 0 getty: db "/etc/getty",0 align 2 ; 27/08/2015 (dw -> dd) shellp: dd shellm dd 0 gettyp: dd getty dd 0 itab: db '0',0, 0,0 db '1',0, 0,0 db '2',0, 0,0 db '3',0, 0,0 db '4',0, 0,0 db '5',0, 0,0 db '6',0, 0,0 db '7',0, 0,0 ;itabs: ; 25/02/2022 ; serial ports (COM1, COM2) ;db '8',0, 0,0 ;db '9',0, 0,0 ;dw 0 itabs: ; 07/04/2022 dd 0 dd 0 dw 0 ;----------------------------------------------------------------- ; messages ;----------------------------------------------------------------- msg_te: db 0Dh, 0Ah db 'Type ENTER to start in multi user mode', 0Dh, 0Ah db 'or type ESC to start in single user mode.' db 0Dh, 0Ah sizeof_mte equ $ - msg_te db 0 copy_right_msg: db '(c) Erdogan TAN - 07/04/2022' db 0Dh, 0Ah, 0 error_msg: db 0Dh, 0Ah, 07h db '/etc/init error ! ' db 0 getty_error_msg: ; 14/10/2015 db 0Dh, 0Ah, 07h db '/etc/getty error ! ' db 0 ; 20/03/2022 td_msg: db 0Dh, 0Ah db 'Serial Port (Terminal) login feature has been disabled..' db 20h, 0Dh, 0Ah, 0 td_msg_size equ ($ - td_msg) - 1 ; 23/10/2015 align 2 zero: times 8 db 0 times 6 db 0 times 2 db 0 wtmp_err: ; 18/02/2022 db 0 ; 24/01/2022 ;----------------------------------------------------------------- ; Original UNIX v1 - /etc/init source code (init.s) ; in PDP-11 (unix) assembly language ;----------------------------------------------------------------- ;/ init -- process control initialization ; ;mount = 21. ; ; sys intr; 0 / turn off interrupts ; sys quit; 0 ; cmp csw,$73700 / single user? ; bne 1f / no ;help: ; clr r0 / yes ; sys close / close current read ; mov $1,r0 / and write ; sys close / files ; sys open; ctty; 0 / open control tty ; sys open; ctty; 1 / for read and write ; sys exec; shell; shellp / execute shell ; br help / keep trying ;1: ; mov $'0,r1 / prepare to change ;1 : ; movb r1,tapx+8 / mode of dec tape drive x, where ; sys chmod; tapx; 17 / x=0 to 7, to read/write by owner or ; inc r1 / non-owner mode ; cmp r1,$'8 / finished? ; blo 1b / no ; sys mount; rk0; usr / yes, root file on mounted rko5 ; / disk ls /usr ; sys creat; utmp; 16 / truncate /tmp/utmp ; sys close / close it ; movb $'x,zero+8. / put identifier in output buffer ; jsr pc,wtmprec / go to write accting info ; mov $itab,r1 / address of table to r1 ; ;/ create shell processes ; ;1: ; mov (r1)+,r0 / 'x, x=0, 1... to r0 ; beq 1f / branch if table end ; movb r0,ttyx+8 / put symbol in ttyx ; jsr pc,dfork / go to make new init for this ttyx ; mov r0,(r1)+ / save child id in word offer '0, '1,...etc. ; br 1b / set up next child ; ;/ wait for process to die ; ;1: ; sys wait / wait for user to terminate process ; mov $itab,r1 / initialize for search ; ;/ search for process id ; ;2: ; tst (r1)+ / bump r1 to child id location ; beq 1b / ? something silly ; cmp r0,(r1)+ / which process has terminated ; bne 2b / not this one ; ;/ take name out of utmp ; ; sub $4, r1 / process is found, point x' to 'x ; / for it ; mov r1,-(sp) / save address on stack ; mov (r1),r1 / move 'x to r1 ; sub $'0,r1 / remove zone bits from character ; asl r1 / generate proper ; asl r1 / offset ; asl r1 / for ; asl r1 / seek ; mov r1,0f / move it to offset loc for seek ; mov $zero,r1 ;2: ; clr (r1)+ / ccear- ; cmp r1,$zero+16. / output buffer ; blo 2b / area ; sys open; utmp; 1 / open file for writing ; bes 2f / if can't open, create user anyway ; mov r0,r1 / save file desc ; sys seek; 0:..; 0 / move to proper pointer position ; mov r1,r0 / not required ; sys write; zero; 16. / zero this position in ; mov r1,r0 / restore file descriptor ; sys close / close file ; ;/ re-create user process ; ;2: ; mov (sp)+,r1 / restore 'x to r1 ; mov (r1)+,r0 / move it to r0 ; movb r0,ttyx+8 / get correct ttyx ; movb r0,zero+8 / move identifier to output buffer ; jsr pc,wtmprec / go to write accting into ; jsr pc,dfork / fork ; mov r0,(r1)+ / save id of child ; br 1b / go to wait for next process end ; ;dfork: ; mov r1,r2 ; sub $itab+2,r2 / left over ; asl r2 / from previous ; asl r2 / version of code ; mov r2,offset ; sys fork ; br 1f / to new copy of init ; bes dfork / try again ; rts pc / return ;1 : ; sys quit; 0 / new init turns off ; sys intr; 0 / interrupts ; sys chown; ttyx; 0 / change owner to super user ; sys chmod; ttyx; 15 / changemode to read/write owner, ; / write non-owner ; sys open; ttyx; 0 / open this ttyx for reading ; / and wait until someone calls ; bes help1 / branch if trouble ; sys open; ttyx; 1 / open this ttyx for writing after ; / user call ; bes help1 / branch if trouble ; sys exec; getty; gettyp / getty types and ; / executes login which logs user ; / in and executes sh- ; sys exit / HELP! ; ;help1: ; jmp help / trouble ; ;wtmprec: ; sys time / get time ; mov ac,zero+10. / more to output ; mov mq,zero+12. / buffer ; sys open; wtmp; 1 / open accounting file ; bes 2f ; mov r0,r2 / save file descriptor ; sys seek; 0; 2 / move pointer to end of file ; mov r2,r0 / not required ; sys write; zero; 16. / write accting info ; mov r2,r0 / restore file descriptor ; sys close / close file ;2: ; rts pc ; ;ctty: ;shell: ;shellm: <-\0> ;tapx: ;rk0: ;utmp: ;wtmp: ;ttyx: ;getty: ;usr: ; .even ; ;shellp: shellm ; 0 ;gettyp: getty ; 0 ;itab: ; '0; .. ; '1; .. ; '2; .. ; '3; .. ; '4; .. ; '5; .. ; '6; .. ; '7; .. ; 0 ; ;offset: .=.+2 ;zero: .=.+8; .=.+6; .=.+2 ; 23/01/2022 ;----------------------------------------------------------------- ; Original UNIX v2 - /etc/init source code (init.s) ; in PDP-11 (unix) assembly language ;----------------------------------------------------------------- ; / init -- process control initialization ; ; sys intr; 0 ; sys quit; 0 ; sys 38. / get console switches ; cmp r0,$173030 ; bne 1f ;help: ; clr r0 ; sys close ; mov $1,r0 ; sys close ; sys open; ctty; 0 ; sys open; ctty; 1 ; sys exec; shell; shellp ; br help ;1: ; sys mount; rk1; usr ; sys mount; rk2; ssys ; sys mount; rk3; crp ; mov $'0,r1 ;1: ; movb r1,tapx+8 ; sys chmod; tapx; 17 ; inc r1 ; cmp r1,$'8 ; blo 1b ; sys creat; utmp; 16 ; sys close ; sys unlink; dpdlock ; sys fork ; br daemon ; sys fork ; br dirass ; sys fork ; br dds ; movb $'x,zero+8. ; jsr pc,wtmprec ; mov $itab,r1 ; br 1f ; ;daemon: ; sys exec; etcdpd; etcdpdp ; sys exit ; ;dirass: ; sys chdir; usrmel ; sys exec; melda; meldap ; sys exit ; ;dds: ; sys exec; usrdd; usrddp ; sys exit ; ;/ create shell processes ; ;1: ; mov (r1)+,r0 ; beq pwait ; movb r0,ttyx+8 ; jsr pc,dfork ; mov r0,(r1)+ ; br 1b ; ;/ wait for process to die ; ;pwait: ; sys wait ; mov $itab,r1 ; ;/ search for process id ; ;2: ; tst (r1)+ ; beq pwait ; cmp r0,(r1)+ ; bne 2b ; ;/ take name out of utmp ; ; sub $4,r1 ; mov r1,-(sp) ; mov (r1),r1 ; sub $'0,r1 ; cmp r1,$'a-'0 ; blo 2f ; sub $'a-'0-10.,r1 / map a-z into 10. on ;2: ; asl r1 ; asl r1 ; asl r1 ; asl r1 ; mov r1,0f ; mov $zero,r1 ;2: ; clr (r1)+ ; cmp r1,$zero+16. ; blo 2b ; sys open; utmp; 1 ; bes 2f ; mov r0,r1 ; sys seek; 0:..; 0 ; mov r1,r0 ; sys write; zero; 16. ; mov r1,r0 ; sys close ; ;/ re-create user process ; ;2: ; mov (sp)+,r1 ; mov (r1)+,r0 ; movb r0,ttyx+8 ; movb r0,zero+8. ; jsr pc,wtmprec ; jsr pc,dfork ; mov r0,(r1)+ ; br pwait ; ;dfork: ; sys fork ; br 1f ; bes dfork ; rts pc ;1: ; sys quit; 0 ; sys intr; 0 ; sys chown; ttyx; 0 ; sys chmod; ttyx; 15 ; sys open; ttyx; 0 ; bes help1 ; sys open; ttyx; 1 ; bes help1 ; sys exec; getty; gettyp ; sys exit / HELP! ; ;help1: ; jmp help ; ;wtmprec: ; mov r1,-(sp) ; sys time ; mov r0,zero+10. ; mov r1,zero+12. ; sys open; wtmp; 1 ; bes 2f ; mov r0,r2 ; sys seek; 0; 2 ; mov r2,r0 ; sys write; zero; 16. ; mov r2,r0 ; sys close ;2: ; mov (sp)+,r1 ; rts pc ; ;etcdpdp: ; etcdpd; 0 ;meldap: ; melda; 0 ;usrddp: ; usrdd; 0 ;usrdd: ;melda: ;usrmel: ;rk1: ;rk2: ;rk3: ;usr: ;ssys: ;crp: ;ctty: ;shell: ;shellm:<-\0> ;dpdlock: ; ;etcdpd: ; ;tapx: ;utmp: ;wtmp: ;ttyx: ;getty: ; .even ; ;shellp:shellm ; 0 ;gettyp:getty ; 0 ;itab: ; '0; .. ; '1; .. ; '2; .. ; '3; .. ; '4; .. ; '5; .. ; '6; .. ; '7; .. ; '8; .. ; 'a; .. ; 'b; .. ; 0 ; ; .bss ;offset:.=.+2 ;zero: .=.+8.; .=.+6; .=.+2.